FYUG EVEN SEMESTER EXAM, 2025 COMPUTER SCIENCE (2nd Semester)
UNIT-I
1. (a) Define keyword. What is the importance of keywords in C? [2 Marks]
Definition: Keywords are reserved words in C that have a predefined meaning to the compiler
. They cannot be used as identifiers (like variable or function names).Importance: Keywords form the basic syntax and structure of the C language, allowing the compiler to understand commands such as loops (for), data types (int), and control flows (if/else)
.1. (b) Define operator. List the various types of operator in C. [2 Marks]
Definition: An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations on data
.Types of Operators:
- Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, %)
- Relational Operators (==, !=, >, <)
- Logical Operators (&&, ||, !)
- Assignment Operators (=, +=, -=)
- Increment/Decrement Operators (++, --)
1. (c) Write down the general format of: (i) for loop, (ii) GOTO. [2 Marks]
(i) for loop format:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement) { // statements } (ii) GOTO format:
goto label; ... label: // statements
2. (a) Explain the decision making statement in C with an example. [10 Marks]
Decision making statements allow a program to execute specific blocks of code based on whether a condition is true or false
.The if-else Statement: This is the most common decision statement
.#include <stdio.h> int main() { int age = 20; if (age >= 18) { printf("Eligible to vote."); } else { printf("Not eligible."); } return 0; } 2. (b) (i) Short note on history of C. (ii) Program to calculate simple interest. [5+5=10 Marks]
History: C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs in 1972
. It was designed to build the Unix operating system and evolved from earlier languages like B and BCPL.Simple Interest Program:
#include <stdio.h> int main() { float p, r, t, si; p = 1000; r = 5; t = 2; // Example values si = (p * r * t) / 100; printf("Simple Interest = %f", si); return 0; } UNIT-II
3. (a) Declare a float array of size 5 and assign values. [2 Marks]
float arr[5] = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5}; 3. (b) How character array is declared? Give example. [2 Marks]
A character array is declared using the char data type followed by the array name and size in square brackets
char name[10] = "Hello";
4. (a) What is meant by Recursive function? Write a program for factorial. [2+8=10 Marks]
Recursion: A function that calls itself to solve a smaller version of the same problem is known as a recursive function
.#include <stdio.h> int factorial(int n) { if (n == 0) return 1; else return (n * factorial(n - 1)); } int main() { printf("Factorial of 5: %d", factorial(5)); return 0; } UNIT-III
5. (b) Differentiate between call by value and call by reference. [2 Marks]
| Call by Value | Call by Reference |
|---|---|
| Passes a copy of the actual parameter. | Passes the address of the actual parameter. |
| Changes inside function do not affect original values. | Changes inside function affect the original values. |
6. (a) (iii) C program to swap two numbers using pointer. [5 Marks]
#include <stdio.h> void swap(int *a, int *b) { int temp = *a; *a = *b; *b = temp; } int main() { int x = 10, y = 20; swap(&x, &y); printf("x=%d, y=%d", x, y); return 0; } UNIT-IV
7. (a) Compare structures and union. [2 Marks]
| Structure | Union |
|---|---|
| Every member has its own memory location. | All members share the same memory location. |
| Total size is the sum of sizes of all members. | Total size is the size of the largest member. |
8. (a) (ii) C program to store and print employee info using structure. [8 Marks]
#include <stdio.h> struct Employee { int id; char name[30]; float salary; }; int main() { struct Employee e = {101, "Sujan Roy", 50000.0}; printf("ID: %d, Name: %s, Salary: %.2f", e.id, e.name, e.salary); return 0; } UNIT-V
9. (a) What are the files in C language? How many types of files are in C? [2 Marks]
A file is a place on a disk where a group of related data is stored
. In C, there are primarily two types: Text files and Binary files.10. (a) (i) How to open a file? List standard I/O opening modes. [3 Marks]
Files are opened using the fopen() function
Modes:
- "r": Open for reading
- "w": Open for writing (creates new or overwrites)
- "a": Open for appending
- "r+": Open for both reading and writing
Knowlet Exam Strategy & Tips
- Diagrams: Always draw flowcharts for decision-making (if-else, switch) and loop structures .
- Structure vs Union: This is a high-frequency question. Remember to mention that Unions are memory efficient.
- Pointers: When swapping or using arrays with pointers, ensure you use the dereference operator (
*) correctly . - Common Mistake: Forgetting the
&inscanf()for non-array variables.
Key Formulas/Syntax:
Simple Interest = (P * R * T) / 100
Pointer Syntax:data_type *pointer_name;
Prepared by Knowlet for Academic Excellence.