Solved 2024: FYUG Even Semester Exam, 2024<br>Political Science: Indian Political System

Course No.: POLIDC-151T

Exam Year: 2024

Full Marks: 70

Section-A

(Answer any twenty questions. Each question carries 1 mark.)

1. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Section-B

(Answer any five questions. Each question carries 2 marks.)

27. Mention the three types of justice as stated in the Preamble.

Social justice.

Economic justice.

Political justice.

28. Mention any two fundamental duties of the Indian citizens.

To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions.

To protect and improve the natural environment.

29. Write two significances of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

They serve as a guide for the state to establish a socialist and welfare society.

They act as a moral and political check on the government of the day.

30. How is the President of India elected?

The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States

.

Section-C

(Answer any five questions. Each question carries 8 marks.)

38. Discuss the Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens. [8 Marks]

Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12 to 35)

. They are essential for the physical, mental, and moral development of individuals.

Right to Equality (Art. 14-18): Ensures equality before the law and prohibits discrimination.

Right to Freedom (Art. 19-22): Includes freedom of speech, assembly, and movement.

Right against Exploitation (Art. 23-24): Prohibits human trafficking and forced labor.

Right to Freedom of Religion (Art. 25-28): Guarantees the right to practice and propagate any religion.

Cultural and Educational Rights (Art. 29-30): Protects the interests of minorities.

Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art. 32): Allows citizens to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of these rights.

39. What are the Directive Principles of State Policy? Are they justiciable? [6+2=8 Marks]

Definition: DPSP are guidelines or principles given to the federal and state governments of India, to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies (Articles 36 to 51)

. They aim at creating social and economic democracy.

Justiciability: No, they are non-justiciable

. This means they cannot be enforced by any court of law.

Reasons:

The state may lack sufficient financial resources to implement them immediately.

They are fundamental in the governance of the country but represent a vast socio-economic agenda that requires gradual realization.

41. Discuss the emergency powers of the President of India. [8 Marks]

The Constitution grants the President three types of emergency powers

:

National Emergency (Article 352): Declared on grounds of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

President's Rule (Article 356): Imposed in a state when the constitutional machinery fails.

Financial Emergency (Article 360): Declared if the financial stability or credit of India is threatened.

42. Discuss the powers and role of the Prime Minister of India. [8 Marks]

The Prime Minister is the real executive head and the leader of the nation

.

Leader of the Cabinet: They recommend ministers for appointment and preside over cabinet meetings.

Link between President and Cabinet: They communicate all decisions of the council of ministers to the President.

Leader of the House: They determine the dates of sessions and represent the government in Parliament.

Chief Spokesperson: Represents the country in international forums and shapes foreign policy.

45. Discuss the composition and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India. [8 Marks]

Composition: Currently, the Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of India and other judges (total strength determined by Parliament)

. Judges are appointed by the President.

Jurisdiction:

Original Jurisdiction: For disputes between states or between the Union and states.

Appellate Jurisdiction: Hearing appeals against judgments from High Courts.

Advisory Jurisdiction (Art. 143): The President can seek the court's opinion on questions of law.

Writ Jurisdiction: To protect Fundamental Rights.