Unit 1: Introduction to Horticulture
Table of Contents
Syllabus Reference: Definition, Importance and scope of horticultural and floricultural crops. Divisions of horticulture with suitable examples and their importance. Export scenario and scope for Horticulture in India. [cite_start]Landscaping in Horticulture [cite: 605-607].
1. Definition & Importance
Definition: The term 'Horticulture' is derived from two Latin words: Hortus (Garden) and Colere (to cultivate). It is the branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation of garden crops including fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation crops, and medicinal plants.
Importance:
- Nutritional Security: Fruits and vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals ("Protective Foods").
- Economic Value: High income per unit area compared to field crops (like rice/wheat).
- Employment: Labor-intensive nature creates jobs in nursery management, processing, and marketing.
- Aesthetic Value: Flowers and landscaping improve mental health and environment.
2. Divisions of Horticulture
| Division | Focus Area | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Pomology | Cultivation of fruit crops. | Mango, Banana, Apple, Citrus. |
| Olericulture | Cultivation of vegetable crops. | Tomato, Potato, Brinjal, Cabbage. |
| Floriculture | Cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants. | Rose, Orchid, Marigold, Jasmine. |
| Spices & Condiments | Flavoring agents. | Black Pepper, Cardamom, Turmeric. |
| Plantation Crops | Crops grown on a large scale, usually processed before use. | Tea, Coffee, Coconut, Arecanut. |
| Post-Harvest Technology | Processing and preservation. | Jams, Jellies, Pickles. |