Forests are complex ecosystems dominated by trees and are a primary source of varied biological resources. These resources are broadly classified based on their nature and commercial use.
Forest species are listed and categorized based on their families and the specific parts used for commercial or traditional purposes. This helps in the systematic study and sustainable management of forest resources.
Forest products are traditionally divided into two major categories: Timber and Non-Timber products.
Timber refers to wood used for structural purposes, furniture, and construction.
Definition: NTFPs are all biological materials other than timber that are extracted from forests for human use.
NTFPs play a vital role in the rural economy, providing livelihoods to tribal and local communities.
| Category | Examples | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Resins and Gums | Dammar, Pine resin | Varnishes, adhesives, incense. |
| Fibres and Flosses | Kapok, Agave | Stuffing pillows, rope making. |
| Tannins and Dyes | Myrobalan, Indigo | Leather industry, fabric coloring. |
| Medicinal Plants | Ashwagandha, Tulsi | Traditional and modern medicine. |
With special reference to the syllabus, bamboo and wild fruits are highlighted as critical forest resources.
Bamboo belongs to the family Poaceae and is one of the fastest-growing plants on Earth.
Wild fruits are non-domesticated fruits collected from forest areas, often serving as a significant nutritional source for local communities.