Non-alignment was the central pillar of India's foreign policy during the Cold War era, aimed at maintaining strategic autonomy while promoting global peace.
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) emerged as a response to the bipolar world divided by the USA and the USSR. It was not a policy of "neutrality" or "isolationism" but rather a policy of active participation in world affairs without joining military blocs.
India's commitment to NAM was rooted in Panchsheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence):
India's geographic position makes its relations with its immediate neighbors a top priority for national security and economic stability.
A milestone in India's neighbourhood policy, formulated by I.K. Gujral, emphasizing non-reciprocal concessions to smaller neighbors to build trust.
The contemporary "Neighbourhood First" policy focuses on enhancing physical, digital, and economic connectivity within South Asia.
Q: Is NAM relevant today?
A: Yes, it has transitioned into "Multi-alignment" where India seeks partners based on issues (e.g., climate change or trade) rather than fixed blocs.
Q: What is the "Neighbourhood First" priority?
A: It is the idea that stable and prosperous neighbors are essential for India's own growth and security.
N-I-C-E: Neighbourhood First Goals - Network (Connectivity), Investment, Cooperation, Engagement.