Nuclear Proliferation refers to the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States."
This is a fundamental concept in global security. When one state increases its military strength (like acquiring nuclear weapons) to ensure its own security, it inadvertently makes other states feel insecure. These states then increase their own strength, leading to a never-ending cycle of tension.
To prevent a nuclear catastrophe, the international community has developed several legal frameworks for disarmament and non-proliferation.
The NPT is based on three main pillars: Non-proliferation, Disarmament, and the Peaceful use of nuclear energy. It recognizes only five states as nuclear powers: the USA, Russia, UK, France, and China (the P5).
This treaty bans all nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments (underwater, atmosphere, underground).
Current Status: It has not yet entered into force because several key nations (including India, Pakistan, and the USA) have either not signed or not ratified it.
International terrorism is the use of violence—or the threat of violence—to instill fear and achieve political, religious, or ideological goals across national borders. Unlike traditional war, it targets civilians and non-combatants.
Modern security threats are no longer just about armies crossing borders. They have become "asymmetric" and complex.
Q: What is the difference between Disarmament and Arms Control?
A: Disarmament means the actual reduction or elimination of weapons. Arms Control refers to rules that manage and limit the use or spread of weapons without necessarily eliminating them.
Q: Why is there no universal definition of terrorism?
A: Because "one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter." Different states have different political interests, making a single definition at the UN very difficult to achieve.
End of Unit 3 Notes | Prepared for DSC 354 | Knowlet