Answer any twenty questions (All 25 solved below for full coverage) 1 x 20 = 20
Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites—that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another
.An epidemic is the rapid spread of a disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time
.Two examples of endemic diseases are Malaria and Chickenpox (in certain regions)
.A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside a host organism and derives its nutrients at the host's expense
.Rabies is a common zoonotic disease
.Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing honeybees for the production of honey and wax
.Antheraea assamensis
The primary food plant is Mulberry (Morus alba)
.Kerria lacca
Jharkhand is a major state for lac culture
.Pisciculture is the controlled breeding and rearing of fish, usually for food, in ponds or tanks
.Magur (Clarias batrachus)
.It is a system where five or six different species of fish (both indigenous and exotic) are grown together in a single fish pond to utilize all ecological niches
.Bata (Labeo bata)
.Aquaria culture refers to the practice of keeping and breeding ornamental fish in controlled glass tanks or containers for aesthetic or commercial purposes
.Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding, care, and management of domestic animals
.Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to provide labor and produce commodities such as meat, milk, and wool
.Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection from a disease
.Milk production and Meat (Pork/Goat) production
.Poultry refers to domestic birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, or their feathers
.A broiler is any chicken that is bred and raised specifically for meat production
.Ranikhet Disease (Newcastle Disease)
.Answer any five questions 2 x 5 = 10
A disease outbreak is the sudden occurrence of a disease in a particular place or among a specific group of people
. Examples include the Ebola outbreak or Cholera outbreak in a local community.The scientific name is Apis mellifera (European) or Apis cerana indica (Indian)
. Castes include: Queen, Workers, and Drones.Sericulture is the commercial rearing of silkworms for the production of silk
. Two types are Muga silk and Mulberry silk.Goldfish and Guppy
.A Grower is a young chicken (8–20 weeks) being raised for future production
. A Layer is a mature female chicken kept primarily for egg production (e.g., White Leghorn).Selection is based on high milk yield, health history, age, and physical traits like a well-developed udder
.Answer any five questions 8 x 5 = 40
Communicable Diseases: These are infectious diseases that spread from one person to another through air, water, or physical contact (e.g., Tuberculosis, Influenza)
.Non-communicable Diseases: These are non-infectious diseases that do not spread from person to person and are often lifestyle-related (e.g., Diabetes, Cancer)
.Preventive Measures for Communicable Diseases:
A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people worldwide (e.g., COVID-19)
.Significant Features:
A modern beehive (like the Langstroth hive) consists of a bottom board, brood chamber, super chamber, and a cover with movable frames that allow honey extraction without destroying the hive
.Instruments for Extraction: Honey Extractor and Uncapping Knife
.Diseases: American Foulbrood and Nosema disease
.Food Plants: Som (Machilus bombycina) and Soalu (Litsaea polyantha)
.Diseases and Enemies: Pebrine (disease), Flacherie (disease), and Uzi fly (enemy)
.Uses: Production of durable, golden-colored Muga silk used for traditional Assamese garments like Mekhela Chador
.Suitability Factors: Rapid growth rate, ability to survive in confined spaces, resistance to diseases, and consumer demand
.Major Carps: Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Catla (Catla catla)
.Exotic Carp: Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
.(a) Management of Fishponds: Involves cleaning (removal of weeds/predatory fish), liming to maintain pH, fertilization (organic/inorganic), and regular water quality monitoring
.(b) Steps in Composite Fish Culture: Selection of compatible species, stocking at appropriate ratios, supplementary feeding, and periodic harvesting
.Products: Milk, Eggs, Meat, and Honey
.Importance: They are rich sources of high-quality proteins, essential vitamins (B12), and minerals like calcium and iron which are vital for a balanced diet
.Advantages: High biological value proteins, improved physical growth, and energy density
.(a) Livestock in Assam (Goat - Beetal/Assam Hill): Hardy animals, well-adapted to the local climate, primarily reared for meat and milk
.(b) Common Disease (FMD): Caused by a virus; symptoms include blisters in the mouth and on feet. Prevention: Mandatory vaccination and isolation of infected animals.
Key considerations include selecting the right breed for the environment, providing adequate housing (ventilation/space), ensuring balanced nutrition (fodder/concentrates), and implementing strict health management protocols like deworming and vaccination
.Lactation Management: Providing a high-protein diet during the lactation period, ensuring a dry period between pregnancies, and maintaining a stress-free environment
.Milking Techniques: Can be manual (fisting/stripping) or mechanical (milking machines). Hygiene of the udder and the milker is crucial to prevent mastitis.